The Congressional Research Service (CRS) report titled “Options for Railroad Electrification and Decarbonization,” authored by Ben Goldman and dated July 5, 2024, provides an insightful analysis of the current state and potential future paths for reducing emissions within the U.S. railroad sector. Railroads, traditionally more energy-efficient and less polluting compared to other transport modes, still face significant challenges due to their reliance on diesel engines. This dependency results in harmful emissions, particularly in rail yards, and contributes to greenhouse gas accumulation.

The absence of high-speed railroads in the United States is a multifaceted issue that stems from a combination of historical, political, economic, and geographical factors. One significant reason is the historical development of transportation infrastructure in the U.S. Unlike Europe and Asia, which invested heavily in railways in the early 20th century, the U.S. focused more on developing its highway and aviation systems post-World War II. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, which funded the construction of the Interstate Highway System, marked a major shift in transportation policy, prioritizing road over rail travel.