A chokepoint is a stretch of water narrow enough that closing it forces a detour long enough to change the economics of a trade. That definition excludes a lot of famous straits and includes a few obscure ones. Ranked below by throughput, with the reroute cost that gives each one its leverage. Volumes are approximate and stated on a normal-year basis. Several of these have not had a normal year since 2023, which is noted where it applies.

China’s National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) — the country’s powerful central economic planner — summoned executives from Maersk and Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC) last month and delivered an unambiguous message: cease operating the Balboa and Cristóbal ports on the Panama Canal immediately. The Financial Times confirmed the directive on April 15, citing two people familiar with the talks. Neither shipping group, nor Beijing’s foreign ministry, had responded publicly by the time of publication.