The Congressional Research Service (CRS) report titled “Options for Railroad Electrification and Decarbonization,” authored by Ben Goldman and dated July 5, 2024, provides an insightful analysis of the current state and potential future paths for reducing emissions within the U.S. railroad sector. Railroads, traditionally more energy-efficient and less polluting compared to other transport modes, still face significant challenges due to their reliance on diesel engines. This dependency results in harmful emissions, particularly in rail yards, and contributes to greenhouse gas accumulation.